Final answer:
Military authority in the U.S. should be exercised under civilian control with the President as Commander in Chief. It involves organizing, arming, and disciplining the armed forces and militia, following constitutional guidelines, and adapting military strategy to circumstances with strict discipline and structured rewards and punishments.
Step-by-step explanation:
Military authority should be exercised with a clear understanding of the constitutional provisions, laws, and regulations, as well as the principles of military discipline and strategy. According to the U.S. Constitution, military authority in the United States is ultimately under civilian control, with the President serving as Commander in Chief of the armed forces, which includes the Army, Air Force, Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard. The Constitution also allows the organization, arming, and disciplining of the Militia and vests significant control in the states for appointing officers and training the militia according to Congress's guidelines.
In terms of strategy, the considerations for exercising military authority include understanding the advantages derived from the environment (Heaven and Earth), maintaining rigorous discipline, ensuring the strength and training of the forces, and a consistent system of rewards and punishments. Military plans should adapt to the circumstances and leverage favorable conditions beyond ordinary plans for effective strategies.