Final answer:
Acute otitis media (AOM) can be caused by both bacteria and viruses, with the most common bacterial causes being S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and M. catarrhalis. Viruses such as rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, and adenoviruses can also contribute to the development of AOM.
Step-by-step explanation:
Acute otitis media (AOM) can be caused by a variety of bacteria. Among neonates, S. pneumoniae is the most common cause of AOM, but Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., and group B Streptococcus species can also be involved. In older infants and children younger than 14 years old, the most common bacterial causes are S. pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, or Moraxella catarrhalis. In addition to bacterial infections, viral respiratory infections can also contribute to the development of AOM. Viruses such as rhinoviruses, coronaviruses, and adenoviruses are commonly associated with respiratory tract infections, including AOM.