Final answer:
A fatal surgical complication in children with sickle cell disease can include Acute Chest Syndrome, which involves severe lung injury, and the increased risk of stroke due to the blockage of blood vessels by sickle-shaped cells. Organ damage and high risk for infections also contribute to potentially fatal outcomes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Complications of Sickle Cell Disease in Children
One fatal surgical complication in children with sickle cell disease is Acute Chest Syndrome (ACS). ACS is a severe form of lung injury that can occur in patients with sickle cell disease. This condition is characterized by chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing, and it is caused when sickle-shaped cells block blood vessels in the lungs. Another potentially fatal complication is stroke, which can result from the blockage of blood flow to the brain by the sickle cells.
Additionally, children with sickle cell disease are at increased risk for infections due to their compromised immune systems. Pneumonia and gallbladder infections are common and can be severe enough to be life-threatening. Sickle cell disease can also lead to organ damage over time, particularly to the spleen, kidneys, and liver, worsening the child's condition.
Preventative measures, such as immunization and regular health check-ups, are critical for children with sickle cell disease to manage their risk of severe complications. When a surgical procedure is necessary, meticulous planning and postoperative care are vital to minimize the risk of life-threatening complications.