Final answer:
Symmetric intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is often caused by placental insufficiency, which restricts the supply of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. This problem with the placenta can be caused by various factors such as maternal health conditions and lifestyle choices. Pregnant women should prioritize prenatal care to minimize the risk of placental insufficiency and its effects on the fetus's growth and development.
Step-by-step explanation:
Symmetric intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is often caused by placental insufficiency, which is a problem with the placenta that causes inadequate transfer of oxygen and nutrients to the fetus. This restriction in the supply of oxygen and nutrients hampers the fetus's normal growth and development, leading to symmetric IUGR. Placental insufficiency can be caused by various factors such as maternal health conditions, smoking, drug abuse, and certain infections.
For example, if a pregnant woman has a condition like high blood pressure or diabetes, it can affect the function of the placenta and lead to symmetric IUGR. Placental insufficiency can result in a smaller-than-normal head and body size of the fetus, with proportional growth restriction in both.
It is important for pregnant women to receive proper prenatal care and monitor their health to minimize the risk of placental insufficiency and its associated complications.