Final answer:
A bilirubin test evaluates liver function by measuring the bilirubin level in the blood, which is a product of the breakdown of red blood cells. Elevated bilirubin levels can indicate liver disease and result in jaundice, acholic stool, or other health issues.
Step-by-step explanation:
A bilirubin test is used to evaluate conditions related to the liver. Bilirubin is a brown pigment that is a byproduct of the catabolism of dead red cells and is secreted into bile by the liver, ultimately being excreted in feces by the large intestine. An increase in bilirubin levels can lead to jaundice, which gives the skin and mucous membranes a yellowish color and in severe cases, may result in death from liver necrosis.
Bilirubin is the main bile pigment, produced when the spleen removes old or damaged red blood cells. These breakdown products are transported to the liver, where bilirubin is excreted in the bile. High levels of bilirubin in the blood, known as hyperbilirubinemia, can result in jaundice. Dysfunctions in bilirubin processing can also cause acholic stool and may indicate liver disease or other disorders.
Various conditions, such as liver damage due to infections or substance abuse, can prevent the liver from processing bilirubin effectively. Furthermore, newborns can have a condition called hyperbilirubinemia, where a high level of circulating bilirubin can cause brain damage if not treated with measures such as phototherapy.