Final answer:
Aristotle's work in ethics, particularly in his concept of eudaimonia or human flourishing, suggests that the highest good is achieved through the cultivation of virtues. His thinking extended to political philosophy, emphasizing the importance of good governance in the nurturing of a virtuous and flourishing society.
Step-by-step explanation:
Aristotle's philosophical legacy, particularly in the realm of ethics, remains a cornerstone of Western thought. Human flourishing, or eudaimonia, is central to Aristotle's ethical theory, as explored in his Nicomachean Ethics. He posits that the goal of human action, or life's telos, is to achieve a flourishing life. Aristotle identifies virtue as a habit of character that aligns with rationality, the unique function of human beings. He suggested that the development of virtue, through habit and practice, enables individuals to choose the right action and attain eudaimonia.
Aristotle's contributions extend beyond ethics, encompassing political thought and practical wisdom. He argued that humans are innate 'political animals', and the cultivation of certain virtues like wisdom, courage, moderation, and justice is paramount for the good governance of a society. These virtues must be nurtured through various institutions, including family, schools, media, and government. Accordingly, Aristotle advocated for a role of government in guiding citizens towards virtuous behavior, thereby contributing to their flourishing life.