Final answer:
The statement that one member of each homologous chromosome pair comes from each parent is True. This results in offspring inheriting a full set of chromosomes from each parent, with chromosomes containing genes for the same traits but potentially different alleles, which contributes to the genetic diversity and determines traits such as blood type.
Step-by-step explanation:
One member of each homologous chromosome pair does indeed come from each parent, making the statement True. During the process of sexual reproduction, one set of chromosomes from the father (sperm) and one set from the mother (oocyte) are combined at fertilization, resulting in the offspring inheriting a full complement of 23 chromosomes from each parent. These homologous chromosomes contain genes for the same traits, although the specific version of each gene, known as an allele, may differ between the two chromosomes, contributing to genetic diversity.
For instance, considering the genetic determinant of blood type, humans inherit one of three possible gene sequences (A, B, or O) on the chromosome that determines blood type from each parent. Therefore, an individual's blood type is defined by the combination they inherit, which could be either two identical sequences (like AA, BB, or OO) or a mix of two different sequences (such as AB).