Final answer:
The incorrect statement about the formation of ABH antigens is choice B, which incorrectly claims that a type 1 structure refers to a beta 1-2 linkage; it refers to a beta 1-3 linkage. The direct answer to this question is choice B. A type 1 structure refers to a beta 1-3 linkage, not a beta 1-2 linkage.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the formation of ABH antigens, the precursor material is indeed the same for A, B, and H antigens, which establishes option A as true. Regarding the linkages, a type 1 structure refers to a beta 1-3 linkage, whereas a type 2 structure refers to a beta 1-4 linkage, making option B the incorrect statement. When considering the genetic side, the H gene is essential for the final expression of ABO blood group antigens. Option D is a bit tricky, the H gene and the ABO gene are on different chromosomes, but they do interact.
Nevertheless, the genes do not inherit completely independently because the presence of the functional H gene product is necessary for the ABO antigens to be expressed. Finally, the ABO blood group system is a canonical example of codominance and multiple alleles, displaying complex inheritance patterns.