Final answer:
The Rh blood group system does not rely on carbohydrates; it is based on the presence or absence of protein antigens, particularly the Rh factor or D antigen.
Step-by-step explanation:
The blood group system that is not based on carbohydrates is the Rh blood group system. Unlike the ABO blood group system, which is based on the presence of glycoprotein antigens (antigen A and antigen B) on the surface of red blood cells that represent carbohydrates, the Rh system is based on protein antigens. Specifically, the Rh system is determined by the presence or absence of the Rh factor, also known as the D antigen, which is a protein.