Final answer:
The process of placing supports to prevent structure deformation from metal fatigue, sagging, or bulging in damage control is known as shoring. Additionally, cathodic protection, often using sacrificial anodes or a galvanization process, is used to protect structures from corrosion.
Step-by-step explanation:
In damage control, the process of placing supports against the side, beneath, or above a structure to prevent metal fatigue, sagging, and bulging is known as shoring. This technique is crucial in maintaining the integrity of structures that are experiencing excessive bending strains, which can be caused by compressive stress and tensile stress acting simultaneously. For example, a heavy beam or a long shelf loaded with weight may sag, and shoring would counteract this effect, adding mechanical support to prevent deformation.
Corrosion of metals, which is also related to the deterioration of a structure, can be addressed using cathodic protection. This involves a galvanic process where a more reactive metal, like zinc in the process of galvanization, is used to coat or be attached as a sacrificial electrode to the structure. The more reactive metal corrodes preferentially, protecting the underlying material from being oxidized and corroded.