Final answer:
In many jurisdictions in the United States, refusing to take a chemical test for alcohol or drugs often leads to an automatic suspension of one's driver's license, typically for a period up to 1 year for a first offense.
Step-by-step explanation:
The specific consequences for refusing to submit to a chemical test for alcohol or drugs vary by state or country. However, in many jurisdictions in the United States, refusing such a test often results in automatic suspension of the driver's license. While the three options — 30 days, 90 days, and 1 year — are listed, in many states, the typical suspension period for a first offense can be as long as 1 year. This automatic penalty is meant to discourage driving under the influence and is a part of implied consent laws, which motorists agree to by using the roads in that state.