Final answer:
The concept not key to Gestalt therapy is (b) intellectual understanding of problems; instead, Gestalt therapy focuses on experiential understanding and present awareness. Core components include acceptance of personal responsibility, awareness of the present, and addressing unfinished business.
Step-by-step explanation:
The key concept of Gestalt therapy that is not a core element is (b) intellectual understanding of one's problems. Gestalt therapy emphasizes experiential understanding and awareness rather than intellectualizing problems.
The concepts central to Gestalt therapy include (a) acceptance of personal responsibility, meaning individuals are encouraged to take responsibility for their actions and experiences.
(c) awareness of the present moment, which involves focusing on the here-and-now experience rather than past or future concerns; and (d) unfinished business, which refers to unresolved issues that need attention for one to grow emotionally and psychologically.
The term used to describe when people's ideas about themselves should match their actions is (d) congruence. An individual's consistent pattern of thought and behavior is termed a personality.
Research suggests that cognitive processes, such as learning, may be affected by practices like (c) mindful awareness.
Cognitive dissonance causes discomfort due to a disruption in (c) consistency. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is not a projective test; the Rorschach Inkblot Test is an example of a projective test.