Final answer:
Social Darwinism, a concept influenced by a misinterpretation of Darwin's evolution theory, argues that societal advancement results from the non-assistance of the socially and biologically "inferior." Key proponents included Herbert Spencer with his "survival of the fittest" adage. Over time, due to its association with eugenicist ideologies and its failure to account for unequal opportunities, the theory has been discredited.
Step-by-step explanation:
Definition of Social Darwinism
Social Darwinism is inspired by a loose interpretation of Darwin's theory of evolution. It is the pseudo-scientific belief that human advancement will occur if those who cannot effectively compete in society are not artificially assisted, reducing the likelihood of passing on "inferior" traits. The concept suggests that success and power are the result of superior breeding and that the social hierarchy is a natural outcome of evolutionary processes.
Advocates and Critiques
Herbert Spencer, a British sociologist, was a significant proponent of Social Darwinism, popularizing the phrase "the survival of the fittest." The theory was used to justify rigid class distinctions and racism, underpinning the belief that the wealthy deserved their status due to their biological fitness. Critics, however, argued that it disregarded the lack of equal opportunities and social mobility barriers. By the 1930s and 1940s, Social Darwinism lost credibility, particularly as it became associated with eugenicist ideologies.
Impact on Society
Social Darwinism played a substantial role in shaping the ideologies of the 19th and early 20th centuries, influencing policies related to colonialism, business competition, and social programs. It was applied not only to economic competition but also to the justification of colonial and racial dominance. The theory provided a scientific veneer to the existing prejudices and social inequalities at the time.