Final answer:
The Hepatitis B vaccine, a recombinant subunit viral vaccine derived from hepatitis B surface antigen produced in yeast, is given in three intramuscular injections. It is recommended for children and high-risk adults to stimulate the immune system and prevent HBV infection.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Hepatitis B vaccine is a crucial immunization that helps protect individuals from the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which can cause chronic liver infection and increase the risk of liver cancer. The vaccine is administered through intramuscular injection and typically given in three doses to ensure effective protection. This vaccine's mechanism relies on introducing a non-infectious subunit viral vaccine that is derived from the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) into the body, which is produced by genetically engineered yeast cells.
Being a recombinant vaccine, it employs a portion of the hepatitis B virus genetic material inserted into yeast cells. These yeast cells then produce the surface antigen, which is harvested, purified, and used in the vaccine formulation. When administered, the vaccine stimulates the body's immune system to produce antibodies against HBV, thus providing immunity.
It is particularly recommended for children as part of the standard vaccination schedule, adults at higher risk such as healthcare workers, intravenous drug users, and those with multiple sexual partners. For optimal protection, the complete vaccine series should be received, following the recommended schedule of three doses.