Final answer:
Jefferson's presidency had achievements such as reducing the debt and doubling the size of the nation, but also failures in his second term. The Marbury v. Madison decision established judicial review and was significant for the Supreme Court's authority.
Step-by-step explanation:
Jefferson's presidency had both achievements and failures. In his first term, he successfully reduced the debt and doubled the size of the nation through the Louisiana Purchase. However, his second term was marked by diplomatic challenges and ultimately led to the War of 1812.
The Marbury v. Madison decision was made in 1803 by Chief Justice John Marshall. It established the principle of judicial review, giving the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional. This decision was significant because it strengthened the role of the judiciary branch and established its authority to interpret the Constitution.