Final answer:
A patient with a UTI may have urine abnormalities such as nitraturia, albuminuria (though less common), elevated specific gravity, pyuria, and bacteriuria. Option a,b, c, d, e.
Step-by-step explanation:
A urinary tract infection (UTI) can lead to several abnormalities in urine composition and characteristics. The patient suffering from a UTI may exhibit one or more of the following urine abnormalities:
Nitraturia: Presence of nitrites in urine, typically indicating the presence of bacteria like Escherichia coli that convert nitrates to nitrites.
Albuminuria: Although less common in a UTI, some infections, such as pyelonephritis, can damage the kidneys and lead to the presence of albumin (a type of protein) in the urine.
Elevated specific gravity: This indicates concentrated urine, which may occur due to dehydration. It can also suggest the presence of substances, such as bacteria or white blood cells, which can increase the urine's specific gravity.
Pyuria: Presence of white blood cells or pus in the urine, indicating inflammation or infection.
Bacteriuria: Presence of bacteria in urine, which is direct evidence of a UTI.
Tests such as urine culture or dipstick tests can identify these abnormalities and help diagnose a UTI. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, and in the case study provided, ciprofloxacin was prescribed.
Option a,b, c, d, e