Final answer:
The abnormal urine constituent from the options provided is white blood cells. White blood cells in urine indicate an infection or inflammation and are not typically a constituent of normal urine.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct option is E:
The ABNORMAL urine constituent from the given options is e. White blood cells. Normal urine composition primarily includes water, urea, uric acid, creatinine, various ions like ammonium and chloride but not white blood cells. Their presence usually indicates a urinary tract infection or other renal issues.
Urine is normally composed of substances that are the end products of body metabolism. These include uric acid derived from the metabolic breakdown of purine nucleotides, urea formed from the decomposition of amino acids, and creatinine phosphate which is the product of creatine phosphate in muscle. Also, ions such as ammonium and chloride are regular urinary constituents.
However, white blood cells (WBCs) are not typically found in urine. When they do appear, it's usually a marker for infection or inflammation in the urinary tract, kidneys, or elsewhere in the body. Therefore, the presence of WBCs in urine, known as pyuria, is a sign of an abnormal process or disease state. A routine urinalysis that shows white blood cells indicates that further investigation is necessary to determine the underlying cause.