Final answer:
The red to yellow melanin produced by the body is known as pheomelanin. It is one of the two primary forms of melanin, with eumelanin being the other, which comes in black and brown colors. Melanin is pivotal in determining skin color and protecting against UV light.
Step-by-step explanation:
The red to yellow melanin produced by the body is known as pheomelanin. Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin, which is black and brown, and pheomelanin, which provides a red color. Individuals produce varying amounts of these melanins, which determine their skin and hair color. Exposure to UV rays can stimulate the production and accumulation of melanin in keratinocytes, leading to a darker skin tone or a tan. This process is a defense mechanism protecting the skin's DNA from UV damage.
Moreover, the pigment melanin is the main substance that gives skin most of its color and also protects against the penetration of UV light. Other substances, such as carotene and hemoglobin, can also contribute to skin color but are more significant in individuals with lower melanin levels. Carotene provides a yellowish tint, while hemoglobin contributes to a pinkish hue seen through the skin.