Final answer:
The occipitofrontalis muscle, covering the upper part of the cranium, consists of two bellies, frontal and occipital, connected by the epicranial aponeurosis, also known as the galea aponeurosis.
Step-by-step explanation:
The muscle that covers the upper part of the cranium is known as the occipitofrontalis muscle. This muscle is part of what makes up the scalp and has two parts: the frontal belly, which is located on the forehead, and the occipital belly, which is located at the back of the head near the occipital bone.
There is no muscle directly covering the top of the head; instead, the frontal and occipital bellies are connected by a broad tendon called the epicranial aponeurosis, also known as the galea aponeurosis.
The cranial bones, which include the frontal, parietal, sphenoid, and occipital bones, form this upper portion of the skull and provide protection to the brain underneath.