Final answer:
Information is transmitted within the neuron electrically, and between neurons chemically, with neurotransmitters like dopamine crossing the synapse to convey signals. The correct option is b.
Step-by-step explanation:
Information is transmitted within the neuron as an electrical signal, and information transmission between neurons is a chemical signal. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is b. electrical; chemical.
Within the neuron, electrical impulses known as action potentials move along the axon. When these impulses reach the end of a neuron, the axon terminals, they trigger the release of neurotransmitters, which are chemicals stored in vesicles.
These neurotransmitters then cross the small gap called the synapse to reach the next neuron, where they bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell's membrane.
This process, which is biochemical in nature, allows the signal to be passed on to the next cell. An example of such a neurotransmitter is dopamine (C8H11NO2), which plays a critical role in neurological processes such as movement and reward. The correct option is b.