Final answer:
Determinate sentences typically require a short period of incarceration followed by a term of supervised probation, aimed at reducing recidivism through combined punishment and support.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of sentences that generally require offenders to serve a short period of incarceration followed by a term of supervised probation are known as determinate sentences. These sentences specify a fixed term of confinement which can be followed by a period of probation, where the offender is released into the community under the supervision of a probation officer. This sentencing aims to reduce recidivism by combining punishment with rehabilitation and community reintegration support.