Final answer:
The Equilibrium theory was formulated by Hardy and Weinberg, and it describes the genetic makeup of a population. The theory assumes stable allele and genotype frequencies unless acted upon by evolutionary forces.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Equilibrium theory was formulated by English mathematician Godfrey Hardy and German physician Wilhelm Weinberg. The theory, known as the Hardy-Weinberg principle of equilibrium, describes the genetic makeup of a population and states that allele and genotype frequencies are inherently stable unless acted upon by evolutionary forces. The theory assumes conditions of no mutations, migration, emigration, or selective pressure for or against genotype, and an infinite population.