Question

Waterlogging results from

A.) natural water erosion processes.
B.) excessive plowing.
C.) toxic metal accumulation.
D.) high evaporation processes.
E.) excessive irrigation.

Answer 1

Waterlogging is predominantly caused by excessive irrigation leading to saturated soil conditions. It is exacerbated by practices that diminish soil organic matter and by salinization, with increased flooding events also contributing to the problem.

Step-by-step explanation:

Waterlogging results from excessive irrigation. This occurs when soil is saturated with water, causing anoxic conditions which can harm plant roots and reduce agricultural productivity. Factors contributing to waterlogging include intensive cultivation reducing soil's organic matter content, leading to diminished water retention and higher groundwater levels that bring salts to the surface, referred to as salinization.

Additionally, weather changes with increased flooding events can contribute to more frequent waterlogging circumstances. Prevention and management are essential to mitigate these effects and ensure sustainable agricultural practices.

Answer 2

Waterlogging is caused by excessive irrigation, which saturates the soil and reduces oxygen levels, leading to negative effects on plant growth and increased soil salinity. Option E is the correct option.

Step-by-step explanation:

Waterlogging results from excessive irrigation. When crops are over-irrigated, the soil becomes so saturated with water that air spaces are filled, leading to reduced oxygen availability.

This condition can provoke iron toxicity and low oxygen levels, adversely affecting plant roots. Plants such as maize have developed adaptations like aerenchyma to cope with such conditions.

However, continual water saturation can lead to increased soil salinity as seen in arid climates.