Final answer:
The post-conventional stage of morality, which includes abstract thinking and recognition that legality and morality may not always coincide, is a concept often associated with Western culture and is the final stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral development.
Step-by-step explanation:
The post-conventional stage of morality is mostly considered to be a Western concept. This is the final stage in Lawrence Kohlberg's theory of moral development, where individuals think of morality in abstract terms. They begin to understand that legality and morality do not always align. Examples of post-conventional thinking include recognizing universal principles such as the rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, or protesting against government corruption despite its legality, as occurred with the massive protests in Egypt in 2011. Kohlberg's theory suggests that not everyone reaches this stage of moral reasoning; it requires a high level of cognitive maturity and moral contemplation. Moreover, critiques of Kohlberg's theory, such as those brought by Carol Gilligan, suggest that there may be gender differences in moral development, which Kohlberg's research did not fully address, as it was originally based only on male subjects.