Final answer:
Residents of total institutions are subject to involuntary resocialization (C), where they are forced to adjust to new behaviors and rules, often through a degradation ceremony, and abandon their previous identities.
Step-by-step explanation:
Residents of total institutions undergo a significant transformation in their behavior and social norms through a process called resocialization. This is because total institutions are environments where individuals are isolated from the broader society and must adapt to a new set of rules and behaviors to function within them. Examples of total institutions include prisons, military units, convents, and some boarding schools. The experience in these institutions often involves some form of degradation ceremony, where individuals shed their previous identities and assume new ones that align with the institution's values and regulations.
The correct answer to the question is C. involuntary resocialization. This refers to the process where individuals are forced to adjust to a new way of life and abandon their previous behaviors, often without their consent. It is distinct from voluntary socialization, where individuals willingly adopt new norms, and is unrelated to gender stereotyping or moral growth, although these can also occur in various settings.
Resocialization can be a stressful process because it often involves unlearning behaviors and norms that have been ingrained over a long time. After their time in a total institution, individuals may need to go through another resocialization process to reintegrate back into the general society. Adapting back to civilian life, for example, can be challenging for former military personnel.