Final answer:
In-situ mining using bacteria is known as bioremediation, which utilizes prokaryotes to remove pollutants directly at the contamination site. This method is less disruptive than ex situ bioremediation, which requires removing and treating contaminated material elsewhere.
Step-by-step explanation:
The new technology of in-situ mining using bacteria to extract lower grade ore is known as bioremediation. This process involves the use of microbial metabolism, specifically prokaryotes, to remove pollutants without the need to move the contaminated material. Bacteria like Rhodococcus, Pseudomonas, and Alcanivorax borkumensis are utilized for their ability to degrade environmental contaminants. In oil spill scenarios, for instance, certain hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria consume the hydrocarbons, breaking them down into inorganic compounds like CO₂, thus cleaning up the spill.
Benefits of In Situ vs Ex Situ Bioremediation
In situ bioremediation has advantages such as minimizing disturbance to the environment since it doesn't require excavation or transport of contaminants. In contrast, ex situ bioremediation involves removing contaminated material to treat elsewhere, which allows for more controlled conditions but can be more disruptive and expensive.