Question

Which of the following is a modifiable risk factor of osteoporosis?​

a.)Inadequate dietary intakes of calcium and vitamin D
b.) Cigarette smoking
c.) Alcohol abuse
d.) Excessive protein intake
e.) All of the above

Answer 1

All the listed options are modifiable risk factors of osteoporosis, which include inadequate dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D, cigarette smoking, alcohol abuse, and excessive protein intake.

Step-by-step explanation:

The modifiable risk factors of osteoporosis include inadequate dietary intakes of calcium and vitamin D, cigarette smoking, alcohol abuse, and excessive protein intake. Therefore, the correct answer to which of the following is a modifiable risk factor of osteoporosis is e.) All of the above. Modifiable risk factors are those that can be altered or controlled through lifestyle and behavioral changes. Adequate consumption of calcium and vitamin D is vital for bone health while avoiding cigarette smoking and excessive alcohol consumption can help reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis. Moderating protein intake can also play a role, considering some data suggests excessive protein may contribute to calcium leaching from bones, though this is less clear-cut.