Final answer:
Group composition is the design factor in determining work group effectiveness. It sets the stage for dynamics such as the distribution of skills and personalities, affecting performance and satisfaction. The correct option is (a).
Step-by-step explanation:
In determining work group effectiveness, the design factor considered is Group composition. It is the primary element that can determine how well a group functions. The composition affects the group's dynamics, including the distribution of skills, personalities, and the number of group members, which in turn influences the overall performance and satisfaction among its members. Sharing knowledge, reducing conflict, and fostering commitment, while important, are outcomes and processes that can be impacted by the group's composition but are not design factors themselves.
The effectiveness of work groups can be influenced greatly by the right mix of skills, experience, and personalities. Good communication, trust, and effective negotiation skills are crucial for a team's success, and while part of it comes down to group management, the initial group composition sets the stage for how these factors play out. A well-composed team can be more effective at negotiating compromise and collaborating towards shared goals.
Paying attention to human interaction factors, such as the style of supervision and interpersonal dynamics, is just as important as optimizing the physical workspace. Including individuals with diverse perspectives but with a willingness to collaborate can foster innovation and creativity within a team. Ultimately, the group's composition dictates its performance potential and can significantly impact overall job satisfaction, which research suggests is influenced more by work content and autonomy than by financial rewards alone.