Final answer:
Technological advancements, especially the rise of cable television, the Internet, and social media, have most expanded the media's role as a watchdog by democratizing content creation and distribution, which enhances the media's capacity to hold the powerful accountable.
Step-by-step explanation:
Which factor most expanded the media's role as watchdog? The answer is technological advancements. These advancements have revolutionized the way information is distributed and consumed, expanding access to a wide range of viewpoints and data. Before the age of the Internet, media was predominantly under local control with regional newspapers and local radio stations acting as the main sources of news. Local publishers and editorial boards served as gatekeepers, filtering information to meet local market demands.
Cable and the Internet have also changed audience dynamics, with individuals having the option to avoid news content altogether. This shift has implications for how politicians and public figures communicate with citizens. Despite these challenges, the expansion of media has undoubtedly played a critical role in enhancing its ability to serve as a watchdog, though it also introduces challenges like misinformation and media bias. The media must navigate the demands of profitability and the need to provide unbiased and informative content.