Final answer:
Hanging or suspension can be caused by ligature and manual strangulation, smothering, gagging, choking, and drowning.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the context of the question, hanging or suspension can be caused by several methods including:
- Ligature strangulation: This involves the use of a cord, rope, or similar object to apply pressure to the neck.
- Manual strangulation: This occurs when a person applies direct pressure to the neck with their hands.
- Smothering: Smothering involves blocking the mouth and nose to prevent breathing.
- Gagging: Gagging refers to the act of preventing a person from speaking by placing something in their mouth.
- Choking: Choking is the obstruction of the airflow due to an object blocking the throat.
- Drowning: While not a form of hanging, drowning is a type of suffocation that occurs when a person's airway is filled with water, preventing them from breathing.