Final answer:
Jurisdiction in the event of a homicide on Native American or federal lands typically rests with tribal police and the FBI, with the involvement of the Bureau of Indian Affairs for Native American lands. State and local law enforcement may only have jurisdiction through specific legal agreements.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the event of a homicide on Native American or federal (nonmilitary) lands, law enforcement jurisdiction falls primarily to several entities depending on the circumstances. If the crime occurs on Native American lands, tribal police generally have initial jurisdiction. Federal law enforcement, such as the FBI, may also become involved, especially if the crime involves non-tribal members or is of a particular gravity or nature. The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) also plays a role in managing Native American lands and may be involved in certain legal matters. County sheriffs and state police generally do not have jurisdiction on federal or Native American lands unless there is a specific agreement which permits them to operate in that capacity.
It's important to note that while agencies like the FBI have wide jurisdictional authority on federal lands, including Native American reservations, they typically work in conjunction with tribal authorities. Moreover, their involvement is often governed by complex legal frameworks like Public Law 280, which allows for state and local law enforcement to have jurisdiction in certain areas of Indian country, depending on the state.
Understanding the jurisdiction on Native American lands is further complicated by the number of missing and trafficked indigenous women, highlighting the need for collaboration between tribal, federal, and other law enforcement agencies to effectively address and investigate serious crimes.