Final answer:
The preferred method for monitoring a baby's heart rate when pulse oximetry may not function is an ECG (electrocardiogram).
Step-by-step explanation:
In the case when pulse oximetry may not function due to a low heart rate or poor perfusion in a baby, the preferred method for monitoring the baby's heart rate is through an ECG (electrocardiogram).
An ECG measures the electrical activity of the heart by using electrodes placed on the baby's skin. It provides a more direct and accurate measurement of the heart rate compared to a pulse oximeter, which relies on measuring light absorption to estimate oxygen levels in the blood.
Therefore, option 1) ECG is the correct answer.