Question

After crossing the filtration membrane, the filtrate flows in sequence through what structures before reaching the bladder.

Answer 1

The filtrate flows through the glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct before reaching the bladder.

Step-by-step explanation:

The sequence of structures that the filtrate flows through after crossing the filtration membrane before reaching the bladder is as follows:

1. Glomerulus: The filtrate first enters the glomerulus, where blood is filtered and water and dissolved compounds are removed.
2. Proximal Convoluted Tubule: The filtrate then enters the proximal convoluted tubule, where it is further modified by osmosis and active transport.
3. Collecting Duct: The fluid then passes to the collecting duct, which reabsorbs some of the water and returns it to the bloodstream. The remaining fluid in the collecting duct is urine.

From there, the urine flows to the renal papilla and then through the ureter before reaching the bladder.

Answer 2

After the filtration membrane, the filtrate travels through the glomerulus, proximal convoluted tubule, collecting duct, renal papilla, ureters, bladder, and finally excreted through the urethra.

Step-by-step explanation:

Flow of Filtrate Through Renal Structures

After crossing the filtration membrane, the filtrate flows through a series of renal structures before reaching the bladder. The sequence starts when the filtrate first enters the glomerulus and then proceeds to the proximal convoluted tubule. This is where the filtrate is further modified by mechanisms such as osmosis and active transport. Following this, the fluid moves into the collecting duct, which has a crucial role in reabsorbing water and returning it to the bloodstream. What remains is urine, which then flows into the renal papilla.

The next stage in the journey of urine involves the passage through the ureters, one per kidney, which transports the urine down to the urinary bladder. The bladder acts as a storage area, allowing urine to accumulate until urination occurs. When it's time for excretion, the urine passes from the bladder through the urethra, and finally, it is excreted out of the body through the external urethral opening.

Throughout this process, the urinary system's structures, including the bladder, have walls that allow these organs to expand and contract, accommodating the storing and release of urine efficiently. The ingenious design of the renal system not only stores waste but also protects tissues from urine's variable pH and osmolarity, prevents infection, and in males, assists in reproductive functions.