Final answer:
A heat pump with a reciprocating compressor must be equipped with an accumulator and a suction-line heat exchanger to protect against liquid flood-back, which can damage the compressor.
Step-by-step explanation:
A heat pump that uses a reciprocating compressor should be equipped with certain protective devices because of the possibility of liquid flood-back. Liquid flood-back occurs when liquid refrigerant enters the compressor, which is designed to compress only vapor. This can cause damage to the compressor. Therefore, to protect against this scenario, devices such as an accumulator and a suction-line heat exchanger are often used.
The accumulator is installed in the suction line between the evaporator and the compressor. Its purpose is to capture excess liquid refrigerant, preventing it from entering the compressor. Meanwhile, a suction-line heat exchanger can help by superheating the refrigerant vapor, ensuring that any remaining droplets of liquid refrigerant are vaporized before reaching the compressor.
Without these protective measures, the longevity and effectiveness of the heat pump can be compromised, leading to potential system failure and costly repairs. It is essential for such systems, especially those with reciprocating compressors, to incorporate these safeguarding components for reliable operation.