Final answer:
The process described is known as classical conditioning, where a previously neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response after repeated pairings.
Step-by-step explanation:
Classical Conditioning: Stimulus-Response Bonding
The process whereby a stimulus-response bond is developed between a conditioned stimulus and a conditioned response through the repeated linking of a conditioned stimulus with an unconditioned stimulus is known as classical conditioning. This associative learning happens when a previously neutral stimulus is repeatedly paired with an unconditioned stimulus until the neutral stimulus alone is able to elicit the response that was previously elicited by the unconditioned stimulus alone. One of the most famous examples of classical conditioning is Ivan Pavlov's experiments with dogs, where the ringing of a bell (conditioned stimulus) was paired with the presentation of food (unconditioned stimulus), and eventually, the sound of the bell alone was enough to cause the dogs to salivate (conditioned response).
In sum, the correct answer to the question is d) Classical conditioning. This fundamental psychological concept was a significant contribution to the field of behaviorism and remains a critical aspect of understanding how organisms, including humans, develop conditioned behaviors through experience.