Final answer:
An 'identity group' is a collective of individuals sharing the same demographic characteristics. A 'cohort' is a type of identity group based on a shared demographic trait, such as the year of birth.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that describes a collective of individuals who share the same demographic characteristics such as race, sex, or age is an identity group. A cohort is a specific type of identity group, which refers to people who share a statistical or demographic trait, such as being born within the same time frame. Members of a cohort or an identity group typically have shared experiences that can affect social and cultural factors, influencing how governments and societies plan for the future.