Final answer:
The ability to find and apply a rule or principle for problem-solving is known as inductive reasoning. It relies on making generalizations from specific instances and is crucial for solving a variety of problems, particularly in scientific fields.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ability to discover a rule or principle and apply it to the solution of a problem is inductive reasoning. This type of logical thinking involves observing particular instances and making a broader generalization that is considered probable, although it is not certain. Inductive reasoning allows individuals to infer general principles from specific observations, which is crucial in fields such as science, where data from experiments lead to new hypotheses and theories.
Fluid intelligence also plays a role in problem-solving, as it involves the ability to see complex relationships and to solve new problems without relying on previous knowledge.
For example, in physics, the ability to apply broad physical principles, represented by equations, to specific situations exemplifies the use of both strong problem-solving abilities and inductive reasoning to create a powerful and flexible form of knowledge.