Final answer:
An attitude is a predisposition to respond positively or negatively to environmental objects or people, which includes affective, behavioral, and cognitive components. Jane holding her professor responsible for a bad grade suggests she has an external locus of control, while self-regulation is akin to an internal locus of control. High self-efficacy involves believing in one's ability to overcome challenges and reach goals, contrasting with low self-efficacy, where individuals doubt their own abilities. The correct answer is b).
Step-by-step explanation:
A predisposition to respond in a favorable or unfavorable way to objects or people in one's environment is the definition of an attitude. Attitudes are complex constructs that include affective components (feelings), behavioral components (the effect of the attitude on behavior), and cognitive components (belief and knowledge). They can be both influenced by external factors such as social conformity, persuasion, and advertising, and internal ones like personal beliefs and values.
Jane most likely has an external locus of control if she believes that her bad grade on her psychology paper is due to her professor not liking her. Self-regulation is also known as internal locus of control which is the belief that we control our own outcomes. Conversely, an external locus of control is the belief that our outcomes are outside of our control, influenced by external forces such as luck or other people.
Researchers like Julian Rotter have demonstrated that individuals with an internal locus of control tend to perform better academically and achieve more in their careers because they believe they can influence their own outcomes through their efforts. Similarly, people with high self-efficacy have the confidence that they can reach their goals and view challenges as tasks to be mastered, whereas those with low self-efficacy avoid challenging tasks due to doubts in their ability to succeed.