Final answer:
Cognitive diversity refers to the differences in expertise, experiences, and perspectives among team members, which is different from employment discrimination, where individuals receive unequal pay or job opportunities based on race, gender, or religion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The differences between team members in characteristics such as expertise, experiences, and perspectives are referred to as cognitive diversity. Cognitive diversity is vital in team settings as it contributes to a range of ideas and solutions, drawing on the varied backgrounds and approaches of team members. This is fundamentally different from discrimination in labor markets, which is about unfair treatment based on race, gender, or religion that leads to variations in pay or job opportunities, regardless of similar skill levels as measured by education, experience, and expertise. Employment discrimination can occur when there are unjustifiable reasons for differences in treatment based solely on such demographic factors. Some reasons for treating people differently might be job-related and consistent with business necessity, but these must not be based on prejudices or stereotypes.