Final answer:
The characteristics of Harris's and Ullman's Model are a Decentralized Structure, Flat Communication Hierarchy, and Collective Decision-Making. These elements emphasize less hierarchy, open communication, and group involvement in decision processes, contrasting traditional bureaucratic models.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question is asking to identify three characteristics of Harris's and Ullman's Model of spatial interaction within cities. Among the options given, the correct answer is B: Decentralized Structure, Flat Communication Hierarchy, and Collective Decision-Making. This refers to an organizational model that is less hierarchical, encourages equal communication among levels of an organization, and values the input of the group for making decisions. This model contrasts with the traditional bureaucratic structure, which is often characterized by a clear hierarchy of authority, formal distribution of tasks, and impersonal rules.
Recent trends in organizational structure emphasize a move away from rigid hierarchies toward a more egalitarian and team-oriented approach. Managers often seek input from all levels of employees, blending expertise and feedback from across the organization to make informed decisions. This reflects a shift towards a decentralized structure and flat communication hierarchy within workplace environments.