Final answer:
The Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness (USD(P&R)) is responsible for setting standardized data reporting requirements for harassment complaints within the DoD components.
Step-by-step explanation:
The entity responsible for establishing standardized Department of Defense (DoD) Component data reporting requirements for harassment complaints and information collection and tracking, as well as approving automated data collection interface systems, is the Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness (USD(P&R)). This position is significant within the DoD for developing policies, providing oversight, and ensuring compliance with established standards relating to personnel, readiness, and many other aspects relevant to DoD operations and workforce management.