Final answer:
Examples of local anesthetics with two 'i's in their name include Lidocaine and Bupivacaine (option 1 and 2). These medications work by blocking sodium channels in neurons, preventing nerve impulse transmission, thereby causing reversible localized numbness.
Step-by-step explanation:
Local anesthetics are medications used to induce reversible loss of sensation in a specific area of the body without affecting consciousness. Among the examples of local anesthetics with two 'i's in their name are:
- Lidocaine
- Bupivacaine
- Mepivacaine
Procaine is another example; however, it is known by the brand name Novocain, which lacks two 'i's in its name. These drugs, including procaine, act by blocking sodium channels in neurons. Specifically, they prevent the influx of sodium ions across the neuronal membrane, which halts the propagation of nerve impulses responsible for sensation, including pain. By doing so, they create a numbing effect in the targeted area. This mechanism of action makes local anesthetics like lidocaine and bupivacaine highly effective for procedures that require localized numbness, such as dental work, minor surgeries, and diagnostic interventions.
Hence, the answer is option 1 and 2.