Final answer:
Minerals constitute roughly 65% of bone, with calcium phosphate being the primary mineral, which helps maintain strength and rigidity. Bone remodeling occurs at a rate of about 10% annually, and peak bone mineral density is achieved by age 30.
Step-by-step explanation:
Minerals make up a significant portion of bone, providing it with the necessary strength and rigidity. The mineral content in bone is predominantly calcium phosphate, present in the form of hydroxyapatite crystals. The human skeleton undergoes continuous remodeling throughout life, with adult skeletal mass being broken down and rebuilt at a rate of about 10 percent per year.
Bone mineral density peaks around the age of 30, after which there is generally a slow decline, increasing the risk of osteoporosis, particularly in post-menopausal women. Adequate intake of minerals, including calcium and phosphorus, as well as vitamins such as vitamin D, is crucial for maintaining bone health and preventing conditions like osteoporosis.
Answering the original question, minerals make up approximately 65% of bone, making option D the correct answer.