Final answer:
When calcium nitrate and sodium phosphate solutions are mixed, a double replacement reaction produces the insoluble solid calcium phosphate, with the formula Ca₃(PO₄)₂.
Step-by-step explanation:
When an aqueous solution of calcium nitrate is combined with an aqueous solution of sodium phosphate, a precipitation reaction occurs, forming a solid. Looking at the dissolution reactions provided, we can deduce the ions present in these solutions. Calcium nitrate dissociates into Ca²⁺ (calcium ions) and NO₃⁻ (nitrate ions), while sodium phosphate dissociates into Na⁺ (sodium ions) and PO₄³⁻ (phosphate ions).
When these two solutions are mixed, a double replacement reaction occurs, and the insoluble product that will precipitate out is calcium phosphate. According to the solubility rules, the chemical formula for the insoluble calcium phosphate is Ca₃(PO₄)₂. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is C) Ca₃(PO₄)₂, representing the formula of the solid formed in the reaction.