Final answer:
Excess consumption of Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Zinc, and Iron can have adverse health effects, such as toxicity to the liver, bone health issues, interference with mineral absorption, and immune function problems, making it important to adhere to recommended intake levels.
Step-by-step explanation:
Vitamins and minerals are essential nutrients for our bodies, but when consumed in excess, they can produce adverse effects. The vitamins and minerals that can have adverse effects when consumed in excess include:
- Vitamin A - Excess intake can lead to liver toxicity, symptoms like tinnitus, blurred vision, hair loss, and skin rash.
- Vitamin D - Overconsumption can result in hypercalcemia, which affects bone health and renal function.
- Zinc - High levels can interfere with the absorption of other minerals and affect immune function.
- Iron - An overload can cause hemochromatosis, leading to liver damage and other complications.
It is vital to adhere to the Tolerable Upper Intake Levels (UL) to avoid the negative health impacts of consuming these nutrients in excess.