Final answer:
The theory referred to in the question is expectancy theory, which states that people choose behaviors based on the expected results and the value of those results to them.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theory under which people make the choice that promises them the greatest reward if they think they can get it is c. expectancy theory. Expectancy theory proposes that individuals will choose certain behaviors based on the expected outcomes of those behaviors. If they believe that their efforts will lead to the desired outcome and that outcome is valuable to them, they are motivated to engage in that behavior. The theory consists of three core components: expectancy, instrumentality, and valence. Expectancy is the belief that one's effort will result in attainment of desired performance goals. Instrumentality is the belief that if one meets performance expectations, he or she will receive a greater reward. Valence is the value an individual places on the rewards of an outcome.