Final answer:
An extra 5% commission for sales is an extrinsic reward designed to motivate Ricardo's sales team (b). Extrinsic rewards come from external sources and are often tangible, like money or prizes, contrasting with intrinsic rewards that are internal, such as personal satisfaction. Understanding the difference and interaction between these types of motivation helps to manage and encourage effective work behavior.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ricardo’s sales team being offered an extra 5% commission in January as a motivational incentive is an example of a extrinsic reward. Extrinsic rewards refer to benefits and recognitions received from an outside source, often used to motivate individuals to perform certain tasks or behaviors. In the provided scenario, monetary gain is the motivator for increased sales efforts among the team, directly tying their actions to a tangible outcome.
In contrast, intrinsic rewards are internally driven and are derived from within the individual, such as personal satisfaction or enjoyment of work. An example of intrinsic motivation would be a person who works hard because they find the work itself rewarding, regardless of external compensation or praise. Meanwhile, self-efficacy is the belief in one's own abilities to succeed in specific situations, which can also influence motivation.
Understanding how extrinsic and intrinsic motivations interact is important, as certain rewards can affect individuals' intrinsic motivation for tasks. For instance, receiving an unexpected bonus for a task may have a different impact on motivation compared to when an extrinsic reward is anticipated. Additionally, social motives such as the need for achievement, affiliation, or intimacy can also drive behavior.
Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs and other theories of motivation, such as those by Deci and Ryan, contribute to our understanding of motivation in both individuals and workplace settings. The balance between extrinsic and intrinsic motivators can be delicate, and varying forms of rewards can lead to changes in motivation over time, as seen in the overjustification effect.