Final answer:
Intervertebral discs are composed of fibrous cartilage, containing anulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus, which function as ligaments and shock absorbers in the spine.
Step-by-step explanation:
The intervertebral discs are composed of fibrous cartilage and serve multiple functions within the spinal column. Each disc is essentially a cushion that absorbs shocks from movements like walking and running, and they also help bind vertebrae together acting as ligaments.
Intervertebral discs consist of two distinct parts: the outer, tougher layer known as the anulus fibrosus, and a softer, gel-like center called the nucleus pulposus. As people age, the water content of the nucleus pulposus diminishes, leading to less elasticity and reduced shock-absorbing capabilities.
This can result in a thinner disc, which decreases the overall body height and reduces the range of motion, making movements like bending more difficult.
If the anulus fibrosus becomes weakened or damaged, it might lead to the nucleus pulposus protruding outward, which is commonly referred to as a herniated disc. Therefore, the correct answer is a) Cartilage.