Final answer:
The correct answer to the student's question is 'b) Ethnocentric', which pertains to individuals who hold the belief that their own culture is superior to others.
Step-by-step explanation:
People who believe that their cultural background is superior to all others are described as ethnocentric. Ethnocentrism is a belief that one's own culture is the benchmark against which other cultures are judged. This belief often manifests as a sense of cultural pride and can lead to a disregard for the value of other cultures. People with ethnocentric views may not appreciate the unique qualities and accomplishments of other cultures, as they are so convinced that their culture is more advanced, morally superior, efficient, or overall better.
Xenocentrism, on the other hand, is the belief that another culture is superior to one's own. It is considered the opposite of ethnocentrism. While xenophobia is an irrational fear or hatred of people from other cultures.
In the context of the student's question, the correct answer is b) Ethnocentric, as it directly relates to the belief in the superiority of one's own culture.