Final answer:
An immune response where T cells destroy antigens is known as cell-mediated immunity. It is distinct from the humoral immune response and focuses on eliminating intracellular pathogens through the action of various T cells.
Step-by-step explanation:
An immune response in which T cells destroy antigens is called cell-mediated immunity. In contrast to the humoral immune response, which involves mainly B cells and the production of antibodies to fight extracellular pathogens and toxins, cell-mediated immunity is concerned with targeting and eliminating intracellular pathogens such as viruses within infected cells. Various types of T cells are involved in the cell-mediated immune response, including helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, and regulatory T cells, with cytotoxic T cells being particularly important for inducing apoptosis in pathogen-infected cells. This process is essential for the destruction of virus-infected cells and some cancer cells.